The structure of the agricultural biotechnology industry is evolving rapidly in response to competitive pressures and the high costs and risks of developing new products. Integrated agrochemical and seed companies have been the driving force for research and development in recent years, accounting for the majority of R&D output measures. These companies have the research capabilities, financial strength, and complementary intellectual property assets to support product development cycles that span 6Ð12 years.

Based on research and development efforts over the past decade, biotechnology companies are now moving toward commercialization of hundreds of new plant varietiesÑincluding second-generation crop protection traits, biopharmaceuticals, and biomaterials. Yet political and institutional opposition to genetically modified organisms remains strong in some markets, especially in Europe. Accordingly, companies in this sector are being forced to develop new strategies for engaging and influencing other stakeholders.